Many images populate the mind when the orthopedic medical term ‘hammertoe’ is discussed. Most envision a visible bulge or protrusion among a single toe or multiple toes, but what is ‘hammertoe’ and why does it occur?
Hammertoe is a toe deformity involving flexion of the interphalangeal joints (IPJ). It occurs when the tip of your toe points downward and the middle curls up. Typically, they develop in the second joint of your lesser toes; not the big toe.
Why is the condition referred to as hammertoe? As with many medical conditions, observations win in the end. Many people described toes sporting a ‘hammer-like’ appearance when presenting symptoms in an exam, so medical professionals grabbed hold and embraced the description for use in the medical dictionary.
Hammertoes normally start out on a small scale and escalate at different levels. They can get progressively worse quickly if not addressed. Non-invasive treatment can provide relief, but the condition can never be dismissed or disregarded. Hammertoe will not go away.
Treatment is dependent upon the severity of the deformity and other factors. Symptoms include:
- Contracture of the toe
- Pain or irritation of the affected toe when wearing shoes
- Corns and calluses on the toe, between two toes or on the ball of the foot. Friction causes corns/calluses and can be soft or hard
- Inflammation, redness or a burning sensation
- Open sores in some cases
Podiatrists often put hammertoes in (3) categories: flexible, semi-rigid and rigid. Categories mirror the description. Those that suffer from hammertoe start out with flexibility, move into stiffness/discomfort and eventually gravitate to rigidity, which may require surgical intervention.
Hammertoes represent 20% of foot conditions and are very common. However, there are steps you can take to help prevent the condition.
Stay away from poorly-fitting shoes. Avoid narrow shoes or shoes without arch-support that force your toes into unnatural positions and don’t subscribe to the old saying, ‘fashion hurts’ or you can find yourself in trouble - high-heels are never a friend. There are shoes with ‘extra depth’ which can be roomier to accommodate the hammertoe, but it may take some additional research to identify where those are available.
High arches and flat feet put many in harms away. As does those with long toes who may not have enough room in standard shoe widths/sizes. Extensive pressure on toes can cause hammertoes.
Health conditions that affect your feet and toes can cause hammertoes. Often, people with diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis experience an increased risk, which adds to their list of medical issues.
Bunions (hallux valgus) can sometimes push on the 2nd toe and cause it to hammer, but bunions are a separate condition. It is important to discuss foot issues with a medical professional to receive a proper diagnosis and course of treatment.
Never be embarrassed if you struggle with foot issues that sound unique or present in a bold fashion. McBride has a team of professionals ready to help you find relief. If you would like to learn more about hammertoes and pursue treatment options, schedule an appointment today at mcboh.com or call 405.230.9270.
